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Key Factors in Infant Mental Health-Biology
Key Factors in Infant Mental Health
Biology The first years of life are called the “critical stage” for good reason. From late pregnancy through about the second year of life the brain goes through a period of rapid growth that utilizes more energy than in any other stage of life. The infant requires not only nutrients to assist brain development during this time, but specific interpersonal experiences for the most favorable conditions to aid in maturation (Schore, 2001). Increased ability to better study the physiology and functionality of the brain has more clearly linked biological factors in infant brain development to adaptive psychological factors in infant growth and development. Environmental interactions, most importantly, infant and primary caregiver relationships directly influence the rate of neural connections formed in the brain. The infant learns coping strategies through a variety of experiences and utilizes all of the senses to interact with the environment. Even within the first weeks of life an infant is forming attachments to primary caregivers, learning from and responding to the environment, and using sensory input to create and regulate emotions. When a mother or father looks into the eyes of an infant, they are exposing their child to cognitive, social, and emotional information that will help shape future regulatory behaviors.
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Contributor's Note
This is part of a series on Infant Mental Health.
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